W:OODA WIKI Citation templates

"WP:CT" redirects here. For special procedures on contentious topics, see WP:CTOP. For WikiProject Connecticut, see WP:CONN. For the capitalisation style of compositions, see MOS:CT. For cleanup template messages, see WP:TC. For the colon trick, see WP:COLON.

See also: OODA WIKI:Citation tools and OODA WIKI:Template index/Sources of articles/Citation quick reference

If you have any questions about how to use the wiki, please go to the discussion section for this page to ask a question.

Submit an Error Report:

Go to Errors and follow the instructions there.

Browsing www.ooda.wiki

Reporting Errors

The Errors page details the steps for reporting errors on the site, but generally adding a discussion to the page where the error occurred, adding a discussion to the errors discussion page, and/or sending an email to the relevant address (listed on the Errors Page)

Searching www.ooda.wiki

Rather than a search bar, www.ooda.wiki uses the Citizen Skin's built in search. This can be activated either by pressing on the magnifying glass button on the side of any web page, or by pressing "/".

Contributing to www.ooda.wiki

Create an Account Or Logging In

The icon on the bottom left under the gear is the user icon. Click it in order to access the Log in or Create Account option.

In the bottom left corner of the screen click on the icon, and then click either create account if you have not made an account yet, or log in if you have. It is recommended that those of you who wish to join this endeavor create a dedicated email account for free at Skiff and use that email address when signing up for OODAwiki.

Edit an Existing Wiki Page:

The button to enter Visual Editing mode is at the top-right hand corner of any wiki page you can edit.

While Logged in, Click on the top right on the edit icon. This will take you into the Visual Editing mode which, once you click on the text on the page allows you to type any text, change text variables, add citations or insert content using the Visual Editing menu bar.

Make sure to hit the Save changes... button located nearby where the edit icon was to enter visual editing mode, and then add a brief description of the changes in order to save any edits.

The icon to the right of the regular edit icon is the "source" edit which allows for more flexibility but is less human readable. However, switching from visual editing to source editing deletes all unsaved text changes, so proceed carefully.

Headings and Table of Contents

Clicking on the Toolbar here will allow you to turn a line into a Heading

While in Visual Editing mode, up in the menu bar, you should see an option titled something like "Paragraph, Heading, Sub-Heading" or similar. Most of the time, your editing will be done in paragraph mode, which is the default and regular text mode. Changing any section of text to one of the sub-headings will lead to it appearing in the table of contents to the right, once sufficient headings and subheadings are created. The table of contents automatically sorts the headings into a functional list, with subheading appearing as indented sections of the hierarchy. Avoid making any extremely large lines of text as a Heading or Sub-Heading, as this reduces the functionality of the table of Contents.

Visual Editing Options menu

The Visual Editing Options Menu is part of the right-justified portion of the toolbar. Note the save changes button to the right of the edit icon as well.

The visual editing options menu allows for editing a page by adding categories, investigating and adding templates, to find and replace specific words, and other useful options. In particular it is recommended to add relevant categories, such as "Patterns of Conflict" to any Patterns of Conflict slide pages to keep the wiki navigable.

Create a New Page:

If you go to a url in this wiki that is valid, in the form of www.ooda.wiki/wiki/__new_page_name_here, you can create a new page after adding any amount of content in the visual editor and passing a query captcha. For example, to create the Patterns of Conflict Slide 100 page, you would first go to the url www.ooda.wiki/wiki/Patterns_of_Conflict_Slide_100, and a small amount of content, save changes and then the page will be created.

Create, Prepare or Edit A Day's Featured Article

Similar to the process for creating a new page, you need to create or go to the page of the featured day. For example the page for the day of April 16 2023 was OODA Wiki:Today's featured article/April 16, 2023. An example of an upcoming day without a page would be the page for May 27 of 2023 which will be OODA Wiki:Today's featured article/May 27, 2023. On the relevant day, this page is automatically grabbed on the front page using the Ordinary Date Time Magic Words which pulls all of the text of the page under the section on the main page labeled "Today's Featured Article".

When preparing a featured article for a specific day, make sure that there is a link to the article featured in the Today's featured article page for the day, and Do Not Copy the Entire Featured Article, instead only put in the today's featured article page either a quick summary, or the top few lines of the featured article page.

The Relevant Code for a Sidebar Template

Editing a Sidebar List Template

To edit a sidebar list template, you must first figure out what the actual template is. The fastest way to get to the template edit screen for sidebar lists is by clicking on the small "E" at the bottom right hand corner of the sidebar.

The slower way is to find the source code by clicking edit on any page with the side far you should find something in triple brackets {{{}}} which will be the name of a template being applied to the page. Make sure you are looking at the correct & relevant Template using the name! For instance Template:War is in triple brackets in the John Boyd source code. If you were to click through to the Template:War page, or put into your url bar www.ooda.wiki/index.php?title=Template:War and then hit edit/view source code, you will see how the sidebar is actually written out as a template. If you want to create a new template sidebar, you would do the exact same thing, find a page to be created & then create it if you have the permissions.

The picture for this section shows the section of relevant code.

In order to add a collapsible section in the main list of a sidebar, create something like below. New sections should have list15name..etc, list20name...etc.

| list10name = John Boyd

| list10title = John Boyd

| list10 =

Then the next portion will be the list inside that list, for instance below. On this how to page the * which are used in the actual code portion are rendered as bullets, and the ** is rendered as part of an indented list so be careful of that, as the actual source code will need them to be *. Also note that to make a link you will need to use double brackets [[]]. If you have uncompleted brackets, this will break the template.

• John Boyd'
• John Boyd
• Patterns of Conflict
  • Slide 1]

Permissions and Group Management

Adding a User to a specific Page Permission

As a logged in Contubernium Admin, Go to the relevant page, and in the options menu for the page, the three dots in the top right, select from the drop down menu "Permissions" which is below the Watch option. In the Editor section of the page, add Regular Contubernium members for the Contubernium assigned to the page. Add Admin Contubernium Members to the Manager Role.

Extensions Used:

Skin:Citizen

Cite

To Do

Citation templates are used to format citations in a consistent way, as an alternative to formatting the citations by hand. The use of citation templates is neither encouraged nor discouraged. Templates may be used or removed at the discretion of individual editors, subject to agreement with other editors on the article. Because templates can be contentious, editors should not add citation templates, or change an article with a consistent citation format to another, without gaining consensus; see WP:CITECONSENSUS and WP:CITEVAR. The various citation templates may be freely mixed, since they all produce a similar format. WP:DUPLINK and WP:OVERLINK do not apply to citations. It is expected that a reference citation includes wikilinks to the relevant article for the source, such as The New York Times, rather than The New York Times.

Use in footnotes

Further information: Help:Footnotes

Instructions on this page may not work with VisualEditor. If you have opted in, you can use either VisualEditor or classic editing through wiki markup (wikitext) to edit most pages. The directions on this page, especially about what codes to type to produce formatting effects, are predominantly geared toward wikitext editing. For instructions on editing with VisualEditor, see OODA WIKI:VisualEditor/User guide.

For a citation to appear in a footnote, it needs to be enclosed in "ref" tags. You can add these by typing ‎<ref> at the front of the citation and ‎</ref> at the end. Alternatively you may notice above the edit box there is a row of "markup" formatting buttons which include a <ref></ref> button to the right—if you highlight your whole citation and then click this markup button, it will automatically enclose your citation in ref tags (i.e. ‎<ref>citation‎</ref>).

Note, if this is a new page or if there are not already references previously cited, it is necessary to create a section usually named "Notes" or "References" near the end of the page; see WP:FNNR and MOS:APPENDIX for more information on section names:

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

or

==Notes==
<references />

Using the same footnote multiple times

Further information: WP:REFNAME

Add a name attribute when creating a footnote ‎<ref name="name">citation text‎</ref>. Thereafter, the footnote may be referenced by just using the following expression ‎<ref name="name" />.

Using multiple pages from the same source

Further information: Help:References and page numbers

When an article cites many different pages from the same source, there are two main methods of unifying them instead of copying a completely new citation. One method is Shortened footnotes, which automatically displays an entirely new reference listing in the References section per unique page citation. Another method is to use the template {{rp}}, which appends any type of positional information (such as page numbers, chapter numbers, or audiovisual time code) directly to each given citation in the article body, which would result in text such as appearing after a superscripted footnote number.

Creating links to citations

Wikilinks to citation templates can be created using the templates {{harv}}, {{harvnb}}, {{harvtxt}}, {{sfn}}, etc. For example, this "" links to a citation template below. This is of particular interest when using shortened footnotes. (See the examples below or wikilinks to full references.)

Using commas rather than periods

{{Citation}} creates a citation in the same format as most of the Citation Style 1 templates, except that the periods (or full stops) are replaced with commas, and there is no final period or full stop. A complete list of templates that are mimicked by {{citation}} can be found at {{citation/core}}. The parameter |mode= can be used to alter the punctuation.

Examples

Below are examples of how to use various templates to cite a book, encyclopedia, journal, website, comic strip, video, editorial comics, etc.

• For full description of a template and the parameters which can be used with it—click the template name (e.g. {{Citation}} or {{cite xxx}}) in the "template" column of the table below.
• Required field(s) are indicated in bold
• Copy and paste the text under "common usage" to use the template.
• Following each example is the resulting article text.

For a list of tools that can help create some of the templates below, see: OODA WIKI:Citation tools.

Citations are commonly embedded in reference templates. For more information, see: OODA WIKI:Footnotes.

Source	Template	Common usage	Examples
book	{{cite book}} title	{{cite book | last = | first = | author-link = | title = | publisher = | series = | volume = | edition = | date = | location = | pages = | language = | url = | doi = | id = | isbn = | mr = | zbl = | jfm =}}	{{cite book | last = Mumford | first = David | author-link = David Mumford | title = The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes | publisher = [[Springer-Verlag]] | series = Lecture Notes in Mathematics | volume = 1358 | edition = 2nd expanded | location = Berlin | date = 1899 | page = 198 | doi = 10.1007/b62130 | isbn = 354063293X | mr = 1748380 | zbl = 0945.14001}} {{cite book | last1 = Cordell | first1 = Bruce R. | first2 = Jeff | last2 = Grubb | first3 =David | last3 = Noonan | title = [[Manual of the Planes]] | location = Berlin | publisher = [[Wizards of the Coast]] | pages = 198–203 | date = September 2001 | isbn = 0-786918-50-0}}
	{{Citation}}	{{Citation | last = | first = | author-link = | last2 = | first2 = | author-link2 = | title = | place = | publisher = | series = | volume = | orig-date = | year = | edition = | chapter = | chapter-url = | page = | pages = | language = | url = | archive-url = | archive-date = | doi = | id = | isbn = | mr = | zbl = | jfm = }}	{{Citation | last = Mumford | first = David | author-link = David Mumford | title = The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes | place = Berlin | publisher = [[Springer-Verlag]] | series = Lecture Notes in Mathematics | volume = 1358 | edition = 2nd expanded | date = 1989 | page = 198 | doi = 10.1007/b62130 | isbn = 354063293X | mr = 1748380 | zbl = 0945.14001}} {{Citation | last1 = Cordell | first1 = Bruce R. | last2 = Grubb | first2 = Jeff | last3 = Noonan | first3 = David | title = [[Manual of the Planes]] | place = Berlin | publisher = [[Wizards of the Coast]] | pages = 198–203 | date = September 2001 | isbn = 0-786918-50-0}}
journal paper thesis dissertation See also {{cite thesis}}	{{cite journal}} title	{{cite journal | last = | first = | author-link = | title = | journal = | volume = | issue = | pages = | publisher = | location = | date = | language = | url = | jstor = | issn = | doi = | id = | mr = | zbl = | jfm = | access-date = }}	{{cite journal | author-link = Stephen Brey... | title = Copyright: A Rejo... | journal = UCLA Law Review | volume = 20 | pages = 75–83 | date = October 1972}} {{cite journal | last1 = Bailey | first1 = David H. | author-link1 = David H. Bailey (mathematician) | last2 = Borwein | first2 = Peter | author-link2 = Peter Borwein | last3 = Borwein | first3 = Jonathan M. | author-link3 = Jonathan Borwein | title = The Quest for Pi | journal = Mathematical Intelligencer | volume = 19 | issue = 1 | pages = 50–57 | publisher = Springer-Verlag | location = Berlin | date = 25 June 1997 | url = https://www.davidhbailey.com... | issn =0343-6993 | doi = 10.1007/BF03024340 | mr = 1439159 | zbl = 0878.11002}}
	{{Citation}} journal (or periodical)	{{Citation | last = | first = | author-link = | last2 = | first2 = | author-link2 = | title = | journal = | volume = | issue = | pages = | date = | orig-date = | year = | language = | url = | jstor = | archive-url = | archive-date = | doi = | id = | mr = | zbl = | jfm = }}	{{Citation | last = Breyer | first = Stephen | author-link = Stephen Bre... | title = Copyright: A Rejo... | journal = UCLA Law Review | volume = 20 | pages = 75–83 | date = October 1972}} {{Citation | last1 = Bailey | first1 = David H. | author-link1 = David H. Bailey (mathematician) | last2 = Borwein | first2 = Peter | author-link2 = Peter Borwein | last3 = Borwein | first3 = Jonathan M. | author-link3 = Jonathan Borwein | title = The Quest for Pi | journal = Mathematical Intelligencer | volume = 19 | issue = 1 | pages = 50–57 | publisher = Springer-Verlag | location = Berlin | date = 25 June 1997 | url = https://www.davidhbailey.com... | issn =0343-6993 | doi = 10.1007/BF03024340 | mr = 1439159 | zbl = 0878.11002}}
website	{{cite web}} title url	{{cite web | url = | title = | last = | first = | date = | website = | publisher = | access-date = | quote = }}	{{cite web | last = Spiegel | first = Rachel | title = Research: Thalido... | url = http://science-educat... | access-date = 30 April 2006 | url-status=dead | archive-url = http://web.archive... | archive-date = 3 March 2006}} {{cite web | title = | url = | website = | date = | access-date = }} (Write date as one of the formats shown at MOS:DATE; e.g. |date=22 July 2009 or |date=July 22, 2009.) {{cite web | last = Hansen | first = James E. | author-link = James E. Hansen | last2 = Ruedy | first2 = R. | last3 = Sato | first3 = M. | last4 = Lo | first4 = K. | title = GISS Surface Temperature An... | website = NASA.gov | publisher = [[Goddard Institute for... | date = December 15, 2005 | url = http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gis... | access-date = September 28, 2006}}
	{{Citation}} title url	{{Citation | last = | first = | author-link = | last2 = | first2 = | author2-link = | title = | publisher = | date = | year = | url = | access-date = }}	{{Citation | last = Spiegel | first = Rachel | title = Research: Thalido... | url=http://science-educat... | access-date = 30 April 2006}} {{Citation | last1 = Hansen | first1 = James E. | author1-link = James Hansen | last2 = Ruedy | first2 = R. | last3 = Sato | first3 = M. | last4 = Lo | first4 = K. | title = GISS Surface Temperature An... | publisher = [[Goddard Institute for ... | date = December 15, 2005 | url = http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gis... | access-date = September 28, 2006}}
comic book	{{cite comic}}	{{cite comic | writer= | penciller= | inker= | story= | title= | volume= | issue= | date= | publisher= | page= | panel= }}	{{cite comic | writer=[[Stan Lee|Lee, Stan]] | penciller=[[Jack Kirby|Kirby, Jack]] | inker=[[Christopher Rule|Rule, Christopher]] | story=The Fantastic Four! | title=[[Fantastic Four|The Fantastic Four]] | volume=1 | issue=1 | date=November 1961 | publisher=[[Marvel Comics]] | page=3 | panel=2}} Lee, Stan (w), Kirby, Jack (p), Rule, Christopher (i). "" The Fantastic Four, vol. 1, no. , p. 3/2 (November 1961). Marvel Comics.
comic strip	{{cite comic}}	{{cite comic | cartoonist= | strip= | paper= | location= | date= | supplement= | syndicate= | page= }}	{{cite comic | cartoonist=[[Milton Caniff|Caniff, Milton]] | strip=[[Steve Canyon]] | paper=Journal Herald | location=Dayton, OH | date=July 15, 1967 | supplement=Color Comics Supplement | syndicate=Newspaper Syndicate | page=1}} Caniff, Milton (w, a). Steve Canyon. Journal Herald (Dayton, OH). July 15, 1967 [Color Comics Supplement], Newspaper Syndicate, p. 1.
conference report or paper	{{cite conference}} title book-title	{{cite conference | last = | first = | author-link = | title = | book-title = | pages = | publisher = | date = | location = | url = | doi = | id = | access-date = }}	{{cite conference | last = Turk | first = M. | first2 = A. | last2 = Pentland | title = Face recognition ... | book-title = Proc IEEE Con... | place = Maui, Hawaii | pages = 586–591 | date = 1991}} {{cite conference | last1 = Evans | first1 = N. R. | last2 = Schaefer | first2 = G. | last3 = Bond | first3 = H. | last4 = Karovska | first4 = M. | last5 = Nelan | first5 = E. | last6 = Sasselov | first6 = D. | title = Direct detection of the ... | book-title = American Astronomical Society 207th ... | publisher = AAS | date = January 9, 2006 | url = http://www.aas.org/ ... 30.htm}}
	{{Citation}} contribution title	{{Citation | last = | first = | author-link = | first2 = | last2 = | author-link2 = | editor-last = | editor-first = | editor-last2 = | editor-first2 = | contribution = | contribution-url = | series = | date = | pages = | place = | publisher = | url = | doi = | id = }}	{{Citation | last1 = Turk | first1 = M. | last2 = Pet... | first2 = A. | contribution = Face recog... | title = Proc IEEE Confere... | place = Maui, Hawaii | pages = 586–591 | date = 1991}} {{Citation | last1 = Evans | first1 = N. R. | last2 = Schaefer | first2 = G. | last3 = Bond | first3 = H. | last4 = Karovska | first4 = M. | last5 = Nelan | first5 = E. | last6 = Sasselov | first6 = D. | contribution = Direct detection of ... | title = American Astronomical... | publisher = AAS | date = January 9, 2006 | contribution-url = http://...30.htm}}
court case (legal decision)	{{Cite court}}	{{cite court | litigants = | vol = | reporter = | opinion = | pinpoint = | court = | date = | url= }}	{{cite court | litigants=Roe v. Wade | vol=410 | reporter=U.S. | opinion=113 | date=1973 | url=https://www.law.corn...}} Roe v. Wade, 410 113 (1973).
encyclopedia, edited collection	{{cite encyclopedia}} title encyclopedia	{{cite encyclopedia | title = | encyclopedia = | volume = | pages = | publisher = | date = | id = | access-date =}}	{{cite encyclopedia | title = Kirkegaard... | encyclopedia = Grote Winkler Pri... | editor-last = Winkler Pri... | editor-first = Anthony | editor-link = Anthony Win... | volume = 9 | publisher = Elsevier | date = 1882}} {{cite encyclopedia | last = Kramer | first = Martin | author-link = Martin Kramer | editor-last = Boyd | editor-first = Kelley | title = Bernard Lewis | encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Hist... | volume = 1 | pages = 719–720 | publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn | location = London | date = 1999 | url = }}
	{{Citation}} contribution=name of article	{{Citation | last = | first = | contribution = | date = | title = | editor-last = | editor-first = | volume = | pages = | place = | publisher = | id = }}	{{Citation | contribution = Kirkegaard... | title = Grote Winkler Pri... | editor-last = Winkler Pri... | editor-first = Anthony | editor-link = Anthony Win... | volume = 9 | publisher = Elsevier | date = 1882}} {{Citation | last = Kramer | first = Martin | author-link = Martin Kramer | contribution = Bernard Lewis | editor-last = Boyd | editor-first = Kelley | title = Encyclopedia of Historians ... | volume = 1 | pages = 719–720 | publisher = Fitzroy Dearborn | place = London | date = 1999 | contribution-url = http://...is.htm}}
episode (television or radio)	{{cite episode}} title	{{cite episode | title = | episode-link = | url = | series = | series-link = | credits = | network = | station = | air-date = | began = | ended = | season = | seriesno = | number = | minutes = | transcript = | transcript-url= }}	{{cite episode | title = BBC-TV Presents: ... | episode-link = BBC Snooker World ... | series = Wide World of Snooker | series-link = Wide World of Snooker ... | credits = Presenters: [[Dennis ... | network = [[BBC]] | station = [[BBC Two]] | city = [[Sheffield]], ... | air-date = 2008-04-27 | minutes = 2:34}} {{cite episode | title = Duet | episode-link = Duet (Stargate Atlant... | series = Stargate Atlantis | series-link = Stargate Atlantis | air-date = August 5, 2005 | season = 2 | number = 4}}
mailing list	{{cite mailing list}} title url	{{cite mailing list | last = | first = | author-link = | title = | mailing-list = | date = | url = | access-date = }}	{{cite mailing list | last=Murdock | first=Ian | author-link=Ian Murdock | title=Debian GNU/Linux 0.9... | mailing-list=debian-announce | date=26 October 1995 | url=https://lists.debian.or... | access-date =20 April 2007}}
map	{{cite map}} author date (or year) title publisher	{{cite map | author = | date = | title = | url = | publisher = | section = | access-date = }}	{{cite map | author=Kansas Departmen... | date=2005 | title=Official State Trans... | url=http://www.ksdot.org/b... | edition=2005–2006 | location=Topeka | publisher=Kansas Departmen... | section=F9 | access-date=March 30, 2007}} {{cite map | author1=Skelly Oil Company | author2=Diversified Map Co | date=1966 | title=Highway Map of Oklahoma | scale=[1:1,500,000] | location=St. Louis | publisher=Diversified Map Co | section=11C | oclc=67708775}}
news article	{{cite news}} title	{{cite news | last = | first = | title = | newspaper = | location = | pages = | language = | publisher = | date = | url = | access-date = }}	{{cite news | last = Finn | first = Gary | title = What a growing lad needs is ... | pages = | newspaper = The Independent | location = London | date = 31 August 1998 | url = https://www.independent.co.uk ...}} {{cite news | last = Andersen | first = David | last2 = Witter | first2 = Lameen | title = Former Marine, Go Daddy CEO... | work = Marine Corps News | date = 17 February 2006 | url = https://www.military.com/vet... | access-date = 6 June 2006}}
	{{Citation}} newspaper (or magazine, journal, periodical)	{{Citation | last = | first = | author-link = | last2 = | first2 = | author-link2 = | title = | newspaper = | pages = | date = | year = | url = | archive-url = | archive-date = | access-date = }}	{{Citation | last = Finn | first = Gary | title = What a growing lad needs is ... | pages = | newspaper = The Independent | location = London | date = 31 August 1998 | url = https://www.independent.co.uk ... | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web ... | archive-date = 2010-03-06}} {{Citation | last1 = Andersen | first1 = David | last2 = Witter | first2 = Lameen | title = Former Marine, Go Daddy CEO... | newspaper = Marine Corps News | date = 17 February 2006 | url = https://www.military.com/vet... | access-date = 2 June 2006}}
newsgroup posting (DO NOT USE TO VERIFY)	{{cite newsgroup}} title	{{cite newsgroup | title = | author = | date = | newsgroup = | id = | url = | access-date = }}	{{cite newsgroup | author = Gary S. Terhune | title = Lost Ctrl-Alt-Del... | date = January 11, 2004 | newsgroup = microsoft.pub... | id = uAIVMjC2DHA.2336@TK2... | url = https://groups.googl... | access-date = May 16, 2006}} {{cite newsgroup | title = How can helping "Kids in Af... | author = Trodel | date = June 10, 2006 | newsgroup= humanities.philosophy.ob... | id = 1149950890.204481.35810@h76g20... | url = https://groups.google.com/g... | access-date = July 3, 2006}}
patent	{{Cite patent}} inventor-last	{{cite patent | inventor-last = | inventor-first = | inventor-link = | inventor-last2 = | inventor-first2 = | inventor-link2 = | publication-date = | issue-date = | title = | country-code = | description = | patent-number = }}	{{cite patent | inventor-last1 = Degermark | inventor-first1 = Mikael | inventor-last2 = Brodnik | inventor-first2 = Andrej | inventor-last3 = Carlsson | inventor-first3 = Svante | inventor-last4 = Pink | inventor-first4 = Stephen | title = Fast routing lookup system using complete prefix tree, bit vector, and pointers in a routing table for determining where to route IP datagrams | issue-date = 2001 | patent-number = 6266706 | country-code = US}} US 6266706, Degermark, Mikael; Brodnik, Andrej & Carlsson, Svante et al., "Fast routing lookup system using complete prefix tree, bit vector, and pointers in a routing table for determining where to route IP datagrams", issued 2001
press release	{{cite press release}} title	{{cite press release |last= |first= |date= |title= |url= |location= |publisher= |agency= |access-date=}}	{{cite press release |last=Roithmayr |first=Mark |date=February 5, 2007 |title=Autism Speaks ... |url=http://autismspeaks.org... |location=New York |publisher=[[Autism Speaks]] |access-date=November 19, 2007}} {{cite press release |author=<!--Not stated--> |title=Sprint 4G LTE Lights Up... |url=http://newsroom.sprint.com... |location=Overland Park, Kansas |publisher=[[Sprint Nextel]] |date=November 26, 2012 |access-date=November 28, 2012}}
video (movie, television production, documentary, etc.)	{{cite AV media}} people title	{{cite AV media | people = | title = | medium = | publisher = | location = | date = | url = }}	{{cite AV media | people = Al-Issawi, Omar (Director) | title = Harab libnan | medium = Television production | publisher = Al-Issawi, Om... | location = Lebanon | date = 2001}} {{cite AV media | people = Dick Cavett | title = The Dick Cavett Show — Rock... | medium = DVD | publisher = Shout Factory | date = 2005}}
video game	{{cite video game}} title developer	{{cite video game | title = | developer = | publisher = | date = | platform = | version = | level = | language = | isolang = | quote = }}	{{cite video game | title=[[Halo 3]] | developer= [[Bungie]] | publisher=[[Microsoft Game Studios]] | date=September 25, 2007 | platform=[[Xbox 360]] | version=1.0 | level=The Storm | language=English | isolang= | quote='''Arbiter''': More Brutes? /...}}
Wikidata	{{Cite Q}} QID (Q number)	{{cite Q | QID}}	{{cite Q|Q29396757}}

---

• {{cite album-notes}}
• {{cite thesis}}

Harvard reference and shortened footnote examples

These templates automatically create a one-directional link to the first matching citation template on the same page. All of the following templates are supported: {{citation}} · {{cite book}} · {{cite journal}} · {{cite web}} · {{cite conference}} · {{cite encyclopedia}} · {{cite mailing list}} · {{cite news}} · {{cite press release}} · {{cite arXiv}} · {{cite AV media}} (an up-to-date list is at Help:Citation Style 1). To use the links, the template must define |surname= (or |last=) and |date= (or |year=).

What to type	What it makes
Article text.{{sfn|Turner|1851|pp=10–11}} (Shortened footnote template) Article text.{{sfn|Smith|1879|p=289}} ==Notes== {{reflist}}	Article text. Article text. ^ ^
Templates used within ‎<ref>...‎</ref> tags or within the {{efn}} family of templates: {{Harvard citation|Turner|1851|pp=10–11}} {{Harv|Smith|1879|p=289}} {{Harvtxt|Turner|1851}} asserts that ... (author's name part of text) {{Harvnb|Smith|1879}} (no brackets) {{Harv|Lincoln|Washington|Adams|Johnson|2007|pp=88–89}} (multi-author)	asserts that ...
Three Harvcol templates are altered to use colons to indicate page numbers. These are also used within ‎<ref>...‎</ref> tags or within the {{efn}} family of templates: {{Harvcol|Turner|1851|pp=10–11}} {{Harvcol|Smith|1879|p=289}} {{Harvcoltxt|Blust|1999}} asserts that ... {{Harvcolnb|Smith|1879}} {{Harvcolnb|Lincoln|Washington|Adams|Johnson|2007|pp=88–89}}	Harvcol templates asserts that ...

Variations

OODA WIKI does not dictate a particular way to insert citations into an article. As a result, there are multiple ways to structure citations in an article; multiple ways to insert individual citations; and multiple ways to link a short citation (e.g. ) with the full citation in the bibliography, when using a style that calls for short citations.

There are three primary ways to format individual full citations:

1. By hand. These are simply typed directly; however, when using shortened footnotes, each individual full citation can be surrounded with {{wikicite}} to ensure that the appropriate shortened references are linked to the full references below.
2. Using the Citation Style 1 templates, such as {{cite book}}, {{cite web}}, {{cite journal}}, or {{cite news}}.
3. Using the generic {{Citation}} template.

The main differences between the generic {{Citation}} template and the specific Citation Style 1 templates are:

1. The Citation Style 1 templates produce citations with individual sections (e.g. title, author, publisher, etc.) separated by periods, with a trailing period, while {{Citation}} separates sections with a comma and has no trailing punctuation. (However, this can be changed using the |separator= and |postscript= parameters.)
2. Not all Citation Style 1 templates can easily be replaced by the {{Citation}} template. Generally, any Citation Style 1 template of a general nature (e.g. book; web site; journal or newspaper article; article in an edited collection or encyclopedia; etc.) can be replaced, but specialized templates (court cases, comic books, video games, etc.) cannot very easily.
3. Some of the parameter names differ. For example, citing an article in an edited collection uses the misnamed {{cite encyclopedia}} template, with |title= for the article name and |encyclopedia= for the collection name; the equivalent parameters in {{Citation}} are named contribution and title, respectively.

There are three ways to structure citations as a whole in an article (see Help:Citations quick reference for a tabular comparison of these three ways):

1. Footnotes. These simply place the citation inside of a ‎<ref>...‎</ref> reference, which inserts a small bracketed, superscripted number. When clicked on, it links to a correspondingly-numbered footnote (more properly an endnote) placed elsewhere in the article. The footnotes themselves are inserted using {{reflist}}, which is typically placed by itself in a Notes (or References) section near the end of the article. When there are multiple references to the same citation, typing can be saved by using <ref name="foo">...</ref> the first time, and just <ref name="foo"/> elsewhere. When there are citations that differ only in page number, there are two alternatives: write all the citations out in full, including the page number, or use one citation without page numbers along with the {{rp}} template to add an inline page number after the small bracketed footnote number.
2. Footnotes with list-defined references. All inline citations take the form <ref name="foo"/>. The reference list at the end of the article is a list of full citations, each of which takes the form <ref name="foo">...</ref>, all of which are surrounded by <references>...</references>.
3. Shortened footnotes. Instead of the full citation appearing in the footnote, a short form appears (e.g. ), giving only the author and year (or in some styles, a shortened version of the article or book title), and page number if appropriate. The full citation appears later on, in a bibliography section. This usually follows directly after the footnotes, is titled "References" or "Bibliography", and contains all relevant citations, listed in (typically) alphabetical order. This style is especially appropriate when there are large numbers of references overall and frequent cases of multiple references to the same work, especially in the presence of differing page numbers.

When using shortened footnotes, there are three ways to link the short and full references:

1. Insert manual links. These look like e.g. <ref>[[#CITEREFPereira2006|Pereira 2006, p. 25]]</ref>. If a citation template is used for the full reference, the anchor (e.g. #CITEREFPereira2006) is automatically attached to the full reference; if the full reference is typed by hand, surround the reference with {{wikicite}} to attach the anchor to it.
2. Insert links using a Harvard citation template, e.g. <ref>See, for example: {{Harvnb|Pereira|2006|p=25}}</ref>. This will insert a footnote into the text and link it to the citation with the corresponding last name and year. Other variations of the Harvard citation templates format the short citation differently.
3. Use the template for the whole of the footnote. The template creates its own named ‎<ref>...‎</ref> tags: is exactly equivalent to ‎<ref name=FOOTNOTEPereira200625>[[#CITEREFPereira2006|Pereira 2006]], p. 25.‎</ref> which is itself equivalent to ‎<ref name=FOOTNOTEPereira200625>‎</ref>.

See also WP:Footnotes and WP:Citing sources for general information, and WP:CITEX for specific examples of exactly how to write the code for various combinations of the above styles.

Discussing citations on talk pages

When citations are brought to talk pages, noticeboards and other discussions, follow the group of citations, or the text you have added, with {{Reflist-talk}}.

{{Reflist-talk}}

This template places the citations in their own box under the bold header References at the position where the template was inserted; otherwise the citations (and any others in the talk page) will be listed at the end of the talk page, below all sections. The resulting reference box does not appear in the table of contents.

See also

• OODA WIKI:Template index/Sources of articles for templates about citation-related problems in articles
• OODA WIKI:How to avoid duplicated citations